Tertiary-alkoxy chlorosilanes



Er'AL 2,566,956

TERTIARY-Alrxoxy cHLoRosILANEs G. W. PEDLOW, JR.,

Sept. 4, 1951 Filed Deo. 31, 1942 dwm N @E s 2EME MIELE@ m2535325 EELE Patented Sept. 4, 1951 TERTIARY-ALKQXY CHLOROSILANES 'j George Wesley Pedlow, Jr., and. Carl Shelley', Miner, J r., Evanston, Ill., assignors to Minnesota; Mining & Manufacturing Company, St Paul, Minn., a corporation of Delaware Application December 31, 1942,-Serial No. 470,904

vv(RO)2SiCl2 and where the compounds in question have certain special properties and-novel v.characteristics and/or are adapted for new .and

valuable uses. The invention as awhole will be more vfully explained hereinafter. Heretofore others have produced certain organic Asilicon containing products, starting with silicon tetrachloride, SiCh. Silicon tetrachloride is a chemical product which has long been known.

It can readily be produced in diierent ways including, by blowing chlorine through a tower packed with sand and coke and of controlled temperature and other conditions. Thus silicon tetrachloride is a readily available material.

One material which has been known for quite some time, and which is derivable from silicon tetrachloride, is ethyl orthosilicate, i. e.

which may also be referred to as tetra-ethoxysilicane. This can be produced by the reaction of silicon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol under certain conditions, so that the ethoxy radical replaces the chlorine and HCl is evolved. This Y. reaction has not proved too diicult because the hydrogen chloride does not react readily with ethyl alcohol. Infact, HC1 does not react readily `with primary alcohols in generah However hydrogen chloride is quite reactive with other alcohols; and this fact has interfered with the production of interaction products of silicon tetrachloride and alcohols, except for primary alcohols. For example, see Alkyl Orthosilicates by A. W. Dearing and E. Emmet Reid,

Journal American Chemical Society, vol. 50, 1928, page 3058: The writers tried one secondary alcohol, i. e. isopropyl alcohol, but were unable to produce an alkyl silicate of any kind this Way; so they otherwise employed only primary alcohols A.in-their work. Alcohols other than primary alcohols have a natural tendency .to form the corresponding alkyl chloride and SiOz when it is attempted to react such anV alcoholwith silicon tetrachloride.

Other procedures have been employed in attempts to produce certain so-called organic silicon-containing compounds.

One such procedure (which has advantages for 'certain purposes) involves the use of the Grigr.nard reagent. For example, as a general illustra- 2 I l' tion, note Eugene G. Rochow Patent No. 2,258,218. O lrrlany commercial 5:onflippin.'` and the producing so Y ' Another vprocedure which has been 1 claim. romeo-1448's) y lt will bey noted. that'this procedure does not yield -an alkoxy silicane, nor an alkoxy chloro silicane; rather it yields an alkyl silicane or an alkyl chloro silicane. such ass.

HIC

in jwhich the carbon atomof the alkyl group (oriof an aryl group) is joined directly to the silivconatomwhereasin alkoxy silicon compounds thereV is ano'xygen-atom intervening between the c'arbonatom 'ofthe alkyl group'and the silicon atom, which materially alters the nature ofthe product.` 'lurt'hery theGrignard 4reaction is very lexpensive''andhence unsuitable for ordinary large scale commercial operations, at least in many vcasesand; in fact, in most cases unless magnesium'becomesmuch cheaper. This reaction also involves the luse'of large volumes of anhydrous ether, whichl is not only expensive but is hazardous 4and difcult Vtol handle.- Y i tried is the Wurtz Reaction, an ordinary application of which groups, tendstofresultvin amixture of all possible phenyl or other aryl or alkyl substitutedsillcanes. There is also a tendency for the phenyl chloride, or equivalent, in the presenceof sodium, to lproduce diphenyl, or equivalent, which further de tr'icts'v from the practical worth of such a.

process. "'For'example, in endeavoring to produce PhiSiCl-z, i. ke. ydiplhenyl, dichloro silicane', we havefound that it is dicult to secure a vyield better vthan 'l5-20 percent.

' The Friedel-'Crafts type of reaction may also 'be considered'. typical Friedel-Crafts reaction I'tn'iigh't also beas'sumed that the following'refaction will occur, but it has not been successfully completedinsofar as we are aware: lCl: cH-+.sio1.- Q.HsichTl-Hcl4V appears, impractical from the point of view of of normal alkoxy silicanes such as tetra-ethoxy silicanelappeared unpromising Vbecause of the instability lofsuch products toward hydrolysis. Gf the various reactions and products above discussed, the Grignard reaction and the products produced thereby (having a Acarbon to silicon,

-C-Si-, linkage), in spite of the "high cost of such reaction, apparentlyv appeared .most promising: see Eugene C. Rochow Patents Nos.

2,258,218, 2,258,219, 2,258,220, 2,258,221 Yand We have, however, discovered van important class of organic-silicon compounds which do not have molecules with a carbon to silicon linkage, and furthermore which-have a carbon-oxygen- Vsilicon (-.C-O.-`SI) linkage and Ayet do .not `have theshort-comingsv of normal 4alkyl orthosilicates, such as ethyl orthosilicates v(also referred to as tetra-ethoxy silicane). We .have also found that We can produce organic-silicon compounds, e. g. starting with silicon tetrachloride (SiCll), in which'only a portion, e. g. two, of the chlorine atoms are replaced by alkoxy groups. This we lhave been able to accomplish by employing a ,tertiary alcohol, e. g. tertiarybutyl alcohol or tertiary-amyl alcohol, for reaction with :silicon tetrachloride (underparticular conditions which avoid the undesirable production oftertiary-loutyl chloride, vor the like, plus SiOz). AInsofar asl we know, no one prior to our invention has ever reacted a tertiary alcohol with silicon tetrachloride; or produced organic silicon compounds such as we have been able to produce. Wehave furthermore, been able to carry out our operations withrgood yields (e. .-g. 80 percent or better)V so as to replace two chlorine atoms of the silicon tetrachloride, instead of all four chlorine atoms, as in the making of ethyl orthosilicate, (C2H5O)4Si. By employing .different conditions we can alsoV replace either one or three chlorine atoms, as desired.

We have produced various compounds of the type just referred to, including'for example, ditertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane,

[(crmcoizsich di-'tertiary-amoxy ldichloro silicane,

/CHs (CHaCHi-CO )Sich H CHa -2 (di-chloro-tertiary-butoxy) These compounds can be hydrolyzed under Aconand bis dichloro silicane.

',trolled alkaline conditions, e. g. in 'the presence of aqueous ammonia or aqueous pyridine, tore- Amovethe chlorine atomsand to yield an alkoxy silicane which latter'is resistant to neutral or alkaline hydrolysis. Thelast mentioned compound may be a di-tertiary-alkoxy di-hydroxy silicane, '[(CHhCOlzSi'COHh or some varia- [-(CI-niicoizsho vcox'n'pound any particular case, the compound 'is has the unique characteristic of having alkoxy kgroups attached to silicon, 'Where the compound uitself is resistantto both lneutral and Valkaline hydrolysis. Compounds of this character, upon heating to moderate temperatures, above the respective melting point of each, will polymerize to form resins which may be controlled to a clear, colorless, water-resistant fusible character.

The term alkoxy silicane is used herein to designate compounds in which at least one of the valences of silicon is taken up by an alkoxy group and the other valences may be satisfied byV one or more groups or atoms such as chlorine, oxygen, hydroxyl, amino, alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, etc.

Insofar as we are aware no one prior to our invention ever ,produced an alkoxy silicane or other organic-silicon compound of any type (e. Ig. an alkoxy chloro silicane) which could be lhydrolyzed to produce a compound having alkoxy groups attached to silicon, which latter compound is resistant to neutral and/or alkaline hydrolysis; neither has there ever `been produced, insofar as we are aware, yan alkoxy silicane containing one or more other groups or atoms (in addition to the tert-'alkoxy group or groups), and which compound is stable to ordinary neutral or alkaline hydrolysis.

Saying somewhat the same thing in other words, insofar as we know no one prior to our invention ever produced an alkoxy chloro silicane in which the chlorines can 'be removed by hydrolysis, e. g. by alkaline hydrolysis, using an alkaline -material, such as ammonia or pyridine, which is soluble both in Water and in the alkoxy chloro silicane, Where the alkoxy groups are stable, i. e. unaffected by such hydrolysis.

It is an object of our invention to lproduce a1- 4koxy silicanes, especially tertiary-alkoxy sili-l canes, of the type above indicated, which can be vhydrolyzed Yto produce the corresponding alkoxy -silcanes which are resistant Ato neutral and/or alkaline hydrolysis. It is also an object of our invention to produce alkoxy silicanes, having one or more other groups attached to silicon in addition to the alkoxy .group or groups, which compounds are stable against yneutral and alkaline hydrolysis. It is also an object to provide resins, as above-indicated, by polymerizing the type of compound last-mentioned. Employing compounds as above indicated, e. g. di-teritaryalkoxy dichloro Isilicanes, as intermediates and producing other compounds and/or treated articles therefrom, and such resulting compounds and/or treated articles, constitute further objects and advantages hereof. These and other objects and advantages will appear from the description taken as a whole.

Illustrative and advantageous procedures for 'preparing our tertiary-alkoxy chloro 'silicanes will 'now 'be given. However, it will be `understood that our novel products are contemplated irrespective of the particular method of production described. v- Process Yfor the manufacture of Zi-tert-amozc v 'I dichloro silicane Materials to be employed and proportions:

Weights Moles Material Parts Silicon tetrachloride 510 3. 00 idine 498 6. 33 Tertiary-amyl'alcohol Y528 6.00 Benzene (as solvent) l, 050 Benzene (for washing G5HN.HC1) 1, 100

The benzene and 'silicon tetrachloride are placed in the reaction vessel, preferablyvglass lined, and cooled to about C. by means of lbrine or other heat exchange medium. While stirring the solution,l the pyridine is slowly added, the temperaturebeing kept below 20 C. during the addition. The addition of the pyridine requires a substantial period of time, e. g. from 1 to 2 hours, depending on the efliciency of the cooling system. Throughout the entire addition the pyridine and silicon tetrachloride react to form a white precipitate which toward the end forms a fairly thick paste with the benzene. The formation of this white precipitate on the walls of the reaction vessel as a result of the interaction of the vapors of the reactants can be reduced to a minimum by having the pyridine inlet extend to within a 'fewv inches of the surface of the benzene. After addition of the pyridine is complete the mixture is stirred, e. g. an additional l5 minutes, more or less.

' The tert-amyl alcohol isthen added, Vall'at once. The temperature rises slowly at rst, but once above about 30 C. it rises rather quickly. Unless the dimensions of the reaction vessel are sufficiently restricted, it is desirable to' employ internal cooling coils or elements, so that loss of material due to overheating will be avoided. It has been found convenient to allow'th'e temperature to rise to about 40..45 C. then,` by vcontrolled cooling, it is kept'at this temperature until the reaction'subsides. This requires about 1.5 to 2 hours, more or less. The mixture is then heated slowly over a period of about 45 minutes to reflux temperature. a. granular pyridineV hydrochloride which'lends itself well to subsequent filtration. Reliuxing is then continued for about two hours, to insure completion of the reaction. It is then cooled and filtered to remove the pyridine hydrochloridejrecovering both the filtrate and lter cake. What is ordinarily a veryslow filtration can be accomplished quickly by forming a bed of a filter-aid such as Filter Cel or Super Cel on the filtering medium, such as cloth. This can be done by suspending -20 parts of the filter-aid in 2,00- 300 parts of benzene and filtering this suspension through the ltering apparatus. The benzene can be used later for washing purposes. The pyridine hydrochloride is substantially free of vfiltrate and then washed'with benzene untilsubstantially free of the di-tertiary-amoxy dichloro silicaneI product.

The ltrate and washings are combinedand the benzene is distilled off at atmospheric pressure. When there is no further benzene' distillate the product is cooledand the distillation continued at reduced pressure, e. g. an absolute pressure of 10 to 100 mm., to separate the di-tertiary-amoxy dichloro silicane product from re'- maining materials (i. e.,products of sideV reac-.f tions, impurities, etc.). The product decomposes when distilled at'atmospheric pressure. yAv glass lined still, suitable for vacuum distillation, may be employed for both the distillation at atmospheric pressure and the subsequent distillation at reduced pressures.

Aftera small amount of low boilingr material (mostly benzene) is removed in the vacuum distillation, the major portion of the product boils 'at 105 C. at 22 mm. absolute pressure. The distillate is sometimes cloudy with pyridine hydrochloride, but this settles out on standing-and-has Vproved to be of no jconsequence when-fthe' product is used inv other reactions. About 700 parts l 'I'he slow heating tendsto form 6. byweight of theoretical yield) of (l1-tertamoxy dichloro silicane is obtained.

Inthe preparation of di-tertiary-butoxy dlohloro silicane the process is substantially :identical with that above described except that 444 parts by weight (6.0 mols) of tertiary-butyl alcohol are used in place of 528 parts of tertiaryamyl alcohol abovev indicated. The boiling point of the di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane is 66 C. at 11 mm. absolute pressure.

Similarly, dichloro-tert-butyl alcohol, 1ethyl cyclohexanol, dihydroterpineol, terpineol and linalool react with silicon tetrachloride in the presence of pyridine, yielding respectively: bis l(dichloro-tert-butoxy) dichloro silicane, B. P. l73-6 C. at l0 mm.; bis (l-ethylcyclohexoxy) dichloro silicane, B. P. -3 C. at 5 mm.; bis (dihydroterpineoxy) dichloro silicane, B. P. C. at 7 mm., and diterpineoxy and dilinalooxy dichloro silicanes which latter two compounds could not be distilled without decomposition at 5 mm. pressure. The average yield was about 75-80% lof the theoretical in all cases.

Procedure for making tri-tertiary-butoy chloro silicane One method of making this compound will be briey described. y

A solution of 98.0 parts of di-tert-butoxy dichloro silicane, 31.6 parts of pyridine and 75 parts of tert-butyl alcohol was allowed to stand in a closed container for 72 hours or until the precipitation of pyridine hydrochloride ceased. The mixture was then filtered, the precipitate washed with benzene, and the ltrate fractionally distilled. Tri-tert-butoxy chloro silicane (55 parts) was collected at 76 C. at 7 mm. pressure.

Process for making tertiary-butoy trichloro silicane In one method of making tert-butoxy trichloro silicane 37 parts of tert-butyl alcohol were added to the reaction product of 39.5 parts pyridine and 85 parts of silicon tetrachloride in 250 parts of solvent. The reaction was carried out in essentially the same manner as described hereinabove for the preparation of di-tert-amoxy dichloro silicane except for the proportions of reactants as indicated. Upon working up the products the yield of tert-butoxy trichloro silicane averaged about 38% of the theoretical in several runs. In these runs variations in time, temperature and vsolvent seemed to have little effect on the yield of product. f

The above procedure was less satisfactory for the making of tertiary-amoxy trichloro silicane. We found, however, that by changing the order 0i addition of the reactants we got materially improved yields of tertiary-alkoxy trichloro silicanes. This improved procedure will now be described.

Improved process for the manufacture Ofter- Vtiary-bwfoxy trichloro silicane This method involves the slow addition Aof a mixture of 37 parts (0.5 mol) of tertiary-butyl alcohol and 39.5 parts (0.5 mol) of pyridine to a solution of 200 c. c. of petroleum ether (boiling range 35-60 C.) and 85. parts (0.5 mol) of silicon tetrachloride, cooled to about 17 C. The mixture was kept at this-temperature during the addition which required ve (5) hours and then it. was heated to 30 C. over a four (4) hour period., The reaction mixture stood overnight-and was: thi-:n stirred for ve (5) hours at 30 C.; filteredi and theiprodilet distilled. l71.5 parts (1.0.39.mol) of tertiary-butoxy ztrichloro slicane ,(B. aP. 10" .at 87 was obtained, representing a yield of 1.9%=0fthe-the0reti0a1 This improved method, `when applied to the preparation of tertiary-.amoxy :trichloro silicane v.(B. 78 Cfat 55mm.) resultedin a .79% yield of this compound. This is an .outstanding .improvement in vyield of this compound over :that obtained with the procedure first discussed for making tertiary-alkoxyvtrichloro siilcanes.

In respect .to proportions of -reactantsemployed `in the produres for making tertiary--alkoxy =trichlorosilicanes, and comparing them with the hereinabove described procedure for .making di,- tertiaryealkoxydichloro silicanes, it Will be noted .that the difference does .not consist .in .simply lowering `.the proportion of alcohol .to thesilicon tetrachloride, but, however unexpected it may se em,..i-t is also Yvery important that the proportion of pyridine to the silicon tetrachloride be qlowered, .as illustrated by the proportions given in the respective examples.

This was shown by the observation in the above improved 'process for preparing tertiary-butoxy trichloro silicane, that if double the quantity of .pyridine'were used (the quantities of othermaterials and the conditions were otherwise the same) Vno -tertiary-butoxy trichloro Asilicane was .obtainedbut instead di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane was produced in a theoretical yield of .87% based on the quantity of alcohol used. In this example approximately half oi the silicon ,tetrachloride did not enter at all into reaction ywith the .tertiary-butyl alcohol.

It'willbe understood that the hereinabove .examples are intended to be illustrative only, .and that `the invention is generic to the process wherein a'tertiary alcohol is caused to react with silicon tetrachloride in the'presence of pyridine and/or with the reaction product of. pyridine. and silicon tetrachloride or with a tertiaryfalkoxy trichloro si'licaneor a di-tertiary-alkoxy dichloro s licane inthepresence of pyridine. The groups attached to thecarbinol .carbon may be aliphatic .or aromatic; if aliphatic, they .maybe saturated `gai-unsaturated, and if cyclic, they-.canfcontaina heteroatom such as oxygenin the furan ringy or sulfurin the thiophene ring. -They .can besub- .stituted by additional groups which are unreacitive toward silicon tetrachloride such as halogen. nitro,al kxy, o r acetoxy. If aromatic, they can .also be substituted ywith additionalgroups .1113.12.6- active toward silicon tetrachloride such. aS.alk-yl oranyofthe-:groups described above.

CIK

YI Iliesolvent used' for Ythe reaction must besub- 'stantially inert to reactants and its ,properties should be ,such that it can .be readily separated ,from.:the product. Such solvents includealiphatic .or aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers and cyclic ethers, etc., as well as their halogenated derivatives. In some cases it may be desirable to use one of the reactants asa solvent, e. -g.v pyridine or other tertiary-amine as wellas tertiary-butyl alcohol or-.other'tertiary yalcohol may be used. However, /in general the lower boilinahydrocarbons arel preferredbecause 'of their low cost, the tease with which the lpyridine hydrochloride .can rbe removed from themby vnltrationand also the fact' that-they can be readily separated Ifrom the product vby distillation.

VThe order of addition of reactantsgin many cases (particularly in the,v preparation of -..di vtertiaryalkoxy dichloro silioanes) `is not-a critical 8. may be prepared by the addition of a fmixtli'f .of tertiary-:butyl alcohol and .pyridine to silicon tetrachloride ina suitable solvent.

The temperature .of ...thereactions in theherein.-A above examplesoan be varied. .Although .reaoe tion takes tplacebetween silicon tetrachlorideand tertiary alcohols in :the presence of pyridine :at low temperatures it vproceeds -only slowly .below 30 C, The rate increases rapidly as .the tem.-v perature is increased above about .30 C. .and .iS very fast at .the -boiling point .of benzene. The preferred temperature ffor thepreparation-of .ditertiary-alkoxy VAdichloro silicones is 4 5' l,0 ACy since vin this range `of temperatures the rateo; reaction Vis satisfactory and at the same time .the .reaction can @be .easily controlled. The amount .and .time of heating .ofthe .reactionmxture .after all of the .ingredients are .present depend .largely .on the rate .of reaction and are not limited .to the .time and .temperature A.given in the hereinabove examples.

.As .hereinabove indicated, .the .alkoxy chloro silicanes described and .illustrated hereinaboye may .advantageously .be employed .as .intermediates in making .other materials. A very brief skeletonoutlineof, such derivative materialspref pared by us, is appended hereto as a drawing, t0 be made a part-of this application. It Will 4be understood .that this skeleton outline .is not .inf tended .to be in .any v`way comprehensive. ,but simplyillustrative, and an aidin .understanding certainof theproduts produced intheirgeneral relation to Aeach other. It .will be noted, for ex-V ample, that vthe skeleton Voutline .shown in .the appended vdrawing .is .allprepared on the 'basis of .compounds derivedirom tertiary-butylalcohol with the-other reactants. A generally analogous outline Could be prepared with Compounds de.- rived 'from tertiary-amm alcohol .and `other ,terf tiary alcohols, .of which sei/erm otherV illustrations areeiven hereinabove. It will also be understood that where the compounds .di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane ,or tri-tert-butoxy chloro .silicane .are shown that we alsooomprehend compounds .which .contain .unlike allioxy radicale such as tertiaryfbutoxy tertiary-.amoxy dichloro silicane, tertiary-butoxy tertiary-amoxy dichloro.- tertiaryebutoxy chloro silicane etc.

'AdditionalY products comprehended herein Yare those vderive'diby reaction of silicon oxychloride with tertiary alcohols in .they presence of l pyridine, Silicon o xychloride, '.'SizOCla .is an intermediate in the formation of silicon tetrachloride and undergoes the same general type of reactionsas the latter. For example; by reaction of this mate? rial with tertebutyl alcoholiin various .amounts a number of new products may vloe prepared of which the followingare examples:

I. Sym-tetra-tert-butoxy dichloro siloxane. II. Di-.tert-butoxy tetrachloro siloxane. III. 'Penta-tert-butox-y chloro siloxane.

H ydrolysis-oflwith aqueous pyridine yields tet11a. tert-butoxy dihydroxy siloxane .which latter is .also .obtained .by hydrolysis -of di-tertfbutoxy vdichloro.silicane under specialconditions. 1-ly.- drolysis of II with aqueous pyridine gives@ m." which quitesimilar to the -hereinbelow described resin tobtained bythe .hydrolysisof vdvi-tert,--loutogijy y.dichloro.si licane.

Compounds which `distinguish -f-over the prior art in a manner parallel to or analogous to the distinctions possessed...by,thesilicon compounds `herein illustrated, l,but..whicl1 contain. a metal ,of

.=p9,int, e.:g. di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro-silicane u groupsfIII-,to Y fltheperiodic table `other 9 silicon, for example boron, are likewise contemplated.

Also while organic-chlorine-silicon compounds are particularly illustrated, compounds containing a halogen other than chlorine, for example bromine, are also contemplated.

For the sake of providing a concise summary of various illustrative compounds prepared by us in accordance with the present invention, and

various physical constants, data and a brief description of each, but not as a limitation on our invention, reference is made to the following table, in which are alsoiincluded a few other products in addition to those derived fromtertiary alcohols, comprising examples of ortho-A silicates of a type which can be preparedby the reaction of certain secondary alcohols with sill-1 con tetrachloride in the presence of pyridine:

[The following abbreviations are used in this table; tBu0=tertiarybutoxy= (0113);() O-; t-AmO=tertiary-amoxy=' b. p.=boiling point, the pressure being given in m illimeters (mm.) of mercury; m. p.=melting point; f. p.=

CHI

OH; O-

CHI

freezing point; nni=refractive index, and D20-:density at 20 O. in grams per ml.; Dec.=decomposes.]

Name Formula Physl Constants Analysis 1 Appearancef 1 tert-Butoxy Trichloro Silicone.. t-BuOSiOlg b. p. 70 0./87 min., Do 0150.5,Theory 51.3.., Limpid liquid; 1.176. Fumes in .moist air. l Di-tert-butoxy Dichloro Sili- (t-BuOhSiOlq b. p. 66 0./11 mm., DI 1.034- Cl 28.9, Theory 29.0... Do.

cane. Tri-tert-butoxy chloro Silicane- (t-BuO)3SiCl b. p. 75-9 0./5 mm., D3o 011128, Theory 12.6-.. Limpid liquid;

0.93 Does not fume. tert-Amoxy Trichloro Silicane.. t-AmO SiCla b. p. 80'C./57mm.,D11.166. 0147.5, Theory 48.1... Limpid liquid; Fumes in moist air. Di-tertamoxy Dichloro Sili- (t-AmOhSiCh b. 1327105 0./22 mm., DI Cl 25.6, Theory 26.0... Do.

cene. Iri-tert-amoxy Chloro Silicane. (t-ArnOhSiOl b.0p. 12S-30 0./15 mm., D" 018.0, Theory 10.9...- LiliDnpid lfiquid; oesno u xne.` Bis(dichlorotertbutoxy) Di (Cla-t-BuOhSiClg b. p. 173-6 0./10 mm., D" Active 01183, Theory Slightlyviscousliqchloro Silicane. 0. 5. 18.5. uid; Fumes. Bis(1ethyl cyclohexoxy) Di- (CaH15O);SiClq b. p. 170-3 0./5 mm 0119.5, Theory 20.1.-. Do.

chloro Silicane. f Diterpineoxy Dichloro Silicane. (CwHuOhSiCh Decomposes on heating. Gl 15.9, Theory 17. 6... Do.A Bisiihygio terpineoxy) Di- (C1H19O)2Si0l 195 0./7 mm Cl 17.1, Theory 17.5... Do.

C Ol'O l 103.118. Dilinalooxy Dichloro Silicane-. (C10H110)2Si011 Decomposes on heating... 0117.2, Theory 17.6...` Do. Bis(4-Acetoxy-2-methyl-2-pen- (CgHwOhSiClr 160-5 0./6 mm., with de 0115.4, Theory 17.1... Do.

toxy) Dichloro Silicane. comp.

Cl Cl l Dl-tert-butoxy tetrachloro siloxt-BuO i-Oi t-BuO; b. p. 1D0-115 0./22 mm GlV 38.3, Theory39.9 .Limpid liquid.

ane. v

31 Jl Tetra-tert-butoxy dichloro si- (tBu0)zSiOSi(t-Bu0)1. b. p. 145455 0./25 mm Ol 15.6%, Theory Do. loxane. 16.3%. y

Cl Pentatertbutoxy chloro silox- (t-BuOhSiOiG-BuO); b. p. 155-60 0./20 mm .018.8, Theory 7.5-- Do.. ane. Di-tert-butoxy Dihydroxy Sili- (t-BuO)zSi(OH)* b. p. 210 C. Dec., m. p. S101 29.12,. Theory White crystals.

cane. 1045 C. Y. 28.85. Tr-tert-butoxy Hydroxy Sili- (tBuO)3SiOH b.p.20510 C.,m. p. 66-7 C. SiQz 23.2, Theory 22.7. D0.

cane.

0H lH Testirla-tert-butoxy dihydroxy (t-BuOhiOSMBuO), 1n. p. 80-82 01.....'..'... .l Si0z"30.4, Theory 30.2. i D0.

oxane. Di-tert-amoxy Dihydroxy Sili- (t-AmO)S(OH)=* b.9!IJ.9160-70 /30 mm., m. p. S10: 25.7, Theory 25:4. Do. 'Cam Tri-tert-amoxy. Hydroxy Sili- (t-AmOhSiOH b.1p4.2l 5)0-5 0./35 mm., un" SiO: 19.4, Theory 19-6 Limpid l1ql11d cane. Tri-ethyl tert-amyl Si1icatc (t-AmOSi(OCgH5)3 b. p. 195-205" 0..... S102 24.0, Theory 24.0. Do. 'Di-tert-butyl Diallyl silicate... (t-BuO)zSi(OCH2CH=CHz)g-- b. p. (J8-108 0./11 mm S101 20.8, Theory 20.8- Do. Ditert-amylDiallylSi1icate (t-ArnO)2Si(OCHrCH=CHz)z b.1r.24lg9])1( 3/29321mm., nu S1Q:1 8.8, Theory l9.0 Do. Di-tert-amyl Di-n-propyl Sli- (t-AmOMSKOCHrCHfC/Hm.. b. 135,-6" 0.-/25 An rrn., un" SiO. 18.6, Theoryl Do.

cate. 1.4133, D29 0.908. Di-tert-butyl (2-methyl2,4 (tBu0)1Si(CHOg) b. p. 10o-5 0./15 mm., no1"l Slightly viscous `pentanedol) Silcate. 1.4151. hguid. Di-tert-butyl (2-ethyl-2-nitro- (t-BuO)2Si(C5HO4N) b. p. 170 0./15 n nn., f. p. SiO; 18.8, Theory 18:7.l Whlte crystals. H

1,3-propanedo1)Silicate. 55 C. Di-te)rtS-butyl (diethylene-gly- (1;-BuO);Si(C4HBO3)* Gels at 320 C., an 1.4282.. s101220, Theory 21.6. Viscous l1gu1d. col ilicate. Di-tirbbutyl (dipropylene-gly- (t-BuO)2Si(CH14O) Forms gel at 340 C.' 510,20, Theory 19.6... Do.

co ca v Di-tertbutyl (Tetraethylene- (t-BuO)zSi(CHO5)* Gel Resemhlos Art glycol) Silicate. Gum. Di-tert-butyl (nonaethylene- (t`BuO)1Si(C1;H3O10)* Gel.

glycol) Silicate. v. Di-trt-myl (diethylene glycol) (t-AmOhSNCrHgOsY Gels at 345 C., nb 1.4280.- VlScollS liquid.v ica e. Di-tert-amyl (2methyl2,4 (t-Am0)Si(CHnO,) b. p. 13H5 0./29 mm., nu Sllghtly'n vlsooul pentanediol) Silicate. 1. 241. liquid. Di-tert-butoxy' Diemme Sili- (t-BuohsuNHo, nlroslqs" 0./30 mm., D10 N 13.0, Theory 13.e ".Do.

08116. '.-j. f lIDiftert-amoxy Diamino Sili- (t-Am0)1Si(NHz)z bfag" 0./20 mm., nu N 10.1, Theory 11a9.. D0-

cane. l Di-tert-butoxy Dianilino Sili- (tBuO)qSi(NHOH5)z b.p.198C./7mm.,f p. 75C Si0a16.8,.Theory 16.7.. White crystals.

@M Dltert-b t Oh A NHOH.. t

u o loro nilino Silicone. *xy (t-BuO)nSi\ b. p.13550 O.l7:mn'1 S10, 20.0, Theory 19.8. Viscous liquid.

Name kFormula 'I Physical Constants AAnalysis Appearance-` biliari-biliary piaeemy siiice-Buo ,si(o oooHozm...-.. alp. oVv 0./7 mm., D20 AciciNb.37'4,oa1c.3a4. Lim-pia iiguid.

Can. Dihiethyl Dilinaloyl silicate- SiQil5.0, Theory 175.2.. 4 Slightly viscousA liquid DiethylDiterpinyl Siiieatahr- (QHiCHzOSKClVQHumL.. bpigg-wo@ 0./6 mm., anw si0214.2, Theory 14.1- Do. Bieri-cetoxy-2-menhy1a- (omopsucrisoor b. i. 16s-6@ oj/ mm., uw sionis, Theoryiu-, no.

pentory) Dimethcxy silicane, f l 1.4262, 1 Y Biqriplzlenyl methyl) Dimethyl (CHaO)1Si[OC(CH5)3]z* b. p. 205-8 0./5 mm. SiO: 10.7, Theory 9.9... Do.

xica e. BE?-Dethyl-2A-pel1tanedi0l) (GaHzzOz)zS.,-. holfr-ll 0./9. mm.,f. p. Siggi 723.04, Theory White crysta1s.

1 ca e. Isopropyl orthosilcate [(CHa)aCHO]4Si b.p.59 0./4 mm.,np201.3855. S102 20.8, Theory 20.8. Limpid liquid.

CH3 (CHqCHzHOhSiCl: b. p. 9395 0./22 mm Di-sec-butoxy-dichloro Silicane Cl 26, Theory 29 Fuming liquid.

In the above table where an asterisk occurs besideY the indicated formula of a compound', this has: been done because we do not feel that we have sufcient evidences yet to be sure that this is nec- K essarily the correct formula. In the case of some* of the formulae given it is to be understood that the actual molecular weight may be represented by that indicated by the formula, when multiplied by some integral number in excess of 1; that is the compound itself is a polymer in certain cases.

In respect to some of the compounds,l because.'

of the complexity of their formulae, itis doubtful whether it will ever be possible to accurately prove their chemical structure; however, it is believed tained.

to be helpful to indicate what their structure of these resinous materials. For example, a crude4 di-tert-alkoxy dichloro silicane may be hydrolyzed directly in the original reaction mixture with no, preliminary purication of this mixture. Thisl may be accomplished by adding to the crude reaction mixture the required amount of abasic material, such asA sodium carbonate dissolved in water.

The organic layer is then separated, the solvent removed by distillation and the product heated until the desired degree of hardness is at- However.. the use of a di-tert-.alkoxy dichloro silicane which has been previously puriiied by distillation is preferred because of the improved control over-the purity and properties of the final resin. The following example will serve to illusous; conditions and like characteristics. of: the l product.

In the making of various derivative products from tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes, for example as indicated in the attached drawing,andY

sary and that the derivative may be Amade direct- 1y, Often even in the same reactionyessel, with the crude tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicane. To illustrate, the crude di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane (which isy made up'of about 85% di-V tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane) maybe reacttrate a preferred procedure for the preparation of a resin from di-tert-amoxy dichlorosilicahe.

In aY suitable reactionr vessel is placed 150 parts of concentrated aqueous ammonia. The ammonia solution is. cooled to ifi-20 C.- andwith good agitation 68 parts of Ydistilled di-tert-am-oxy dichloro silicane, B. P. 105 C./22 mm., is gradually added over a 30 minute period keeping the temperature at 1.5-.20P C. .agitation Vis continued. for

. to remove traces of solid impurities. The filtrate is then distilled at atmospheric pressure until all ed directly with allyl alcohol and pyridine tolY produce di-tertiary-butyl diallyl silicate (abouti.v 73% yield); or with acetic acid and pyridine to produce di-tertiary-butoxy diacetox'y silicane- (76% yield) or with diethylene glycol and pyridine to produce di-tertiary-butyl (diethylene gly- "coli silicate (90% yield); etc, the-ultimate product'in each case may then be purified as desired. As already indicated, one of the important uses of alkoxy chloro silicanes is as intermediates in the production of other products or as reactants.-

articles. Procedures involving such use of tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes, andY the ultimate products resulting therefrom will now be de scribed briefly.

Production of w resin from 'di-tertz'ory-butony y dichloro sz'licdnek p Y or treating agents in the production of improved of the benzene is' removed. The product is then heated, the time and temperature of the` heating being determined by the properties desired in the finalv resinous product, which may vary from a viscous oil through a soft, tacky resin to a hard f and brittle resin which may be either fusibleor infusible. Forexample, the product of the above reaction Was heated at atmospheric pressure at 24a-55 C. for 30 minutes and then at the same temperature at 30 mm. pressure for 1 hour. ,At

the end of this treatment the product (37.4 parts) Was still uid'before cooling, but at room temperature it Was a clear, almost colorless, hard and brittle resin. Analysis of this Sample save a value for silicon of 18.5%.

The conditions of time and temperature in the hydrolysis of' the di-tert-amoxy dichloro silicane ucts therefrom are further heated, -the 'erich` i products obtained are of a resinous nature. Various methods can be employed for the production may be. varied greatly from those indicated in the preceding example.l For example, such a hydrolysis has been successfully carried/01.11? at 10 C. The time in any case need only be sucient to assure completion of the hydrolysis which dc.-

curs much more. rapidly as the temperature is in creased,

Resins of the type hereinabove indicated may also be prepared byan indirect procedure' involving the conversion of a di-tert-alkoxy dichloro Silicane to a di-tert-alkoxy diamino silicane by anemona reaction'of the former with anhydrous ammonia. The di-tert-alkoxy diamino silicane may be hydrolyzed by water alone, the product is then separated and heated as in the preceding example.

'Tert-alkoxy trichloro silicanes are even more readily converted to resins than the di-tert-alk'oxy dichloro silicanes. For example, water is gradually added to a cooled pyridine solution of tert-butoxy trichloro silicane to hydrolyze the latter. The product is extracted from the aqueous layer by means of a suitable solvent such as benzene. Evaporation of the solvent leaves a clear, colorless, brittle resin which is similar to the more brittle of the resins derived from the di-tert-alkoxy dichloro silicanes. Other generally parallel reactions and parallel types of products may be prepared by starting with a diilerent speciiic tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicane,'and a whole series of such resins may be produced by employing difv ferent alkoxy chloro silicanes. This is somewhat indicated in the skeleton outline vshown in the attached drawing and is further indicated by the other particular tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes shown in the table presented above.

These resins, when produced under moderate heating conditions are thermoplastic and are soluble in common organic solvents, e, g. benzene, ethyl alcohol, petroleum ether, etc. However upon long heating these resins ultimately become infusible andv also insoluble. The resins are insoluble in and unaffected by Water whether in the thermoplastic or the infusible state.

The tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes may also be employed as intermediates in producing various orthosilicates by reaction with alcohols, glycols and the like. Illustrations of orthosilicates and their production are indicated in the outline appearing in the appended drawing; they include ditertiary-butyl diallyl silicate; di-tert-butyl (2- ethyl2-nitro-1,3 propanediol) silicate; di-tertbutyl (diethylene glycol) silicate and di-tert-butyl i2-methyl-2,4pentanediol) silicate. In making orthosilicates, such as those just illustrated, and others of this general type, the appropriate alcohol or glycol, as the case may be, is added to a mixture of the alkoxy chloro silicane in the presence of excess pyridine, the reactant mixture being diluted with a suitable solvent such as benzene to provide a reaction mixture which can be readily agitated.

These compounds show an unexpected stability toward the action of Water, whereas ethyl orthosilicate is very susceptible to hydrolysis evenby the moisture vapo-r of the atmosphere. When ethyl orthosilicate is placed in direct contact with Water it begins to gel almost immediately and lafter a short time it is completely hydrolyzec to silica. However, in the novel organic-silicon rcompounds herein described which contain a group derived from a tertiary alcohol, the resulting compound is remarkably stable toward such hydrolysis. For example, a sample of triethyl tert-amyl silicate was not noticeably affected after direct contact with water for a period of over four months. It also remained unchanged after 6 ,hours heating and rapid stirring at 90 C. with '15% aqueous ammonia. As an additional example of the stability of such compounds toward alkaline hydrolysis, we have found that di-n-propyl ditert-amyl silicate after three hours refluxing with 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide is less than 15% hydrolyzed.

The products hereinabove described may be fluid or viscous liquids, crystalline solids, or resins which may be soft and sticky cr hard and brittle.

1.4 The liquids and crystalline solids hereinabove described and derived from the tert-alkoxy chloro silicanes are useful as plasticizing agents fornatural and/or synthetic resins such as cellulose esters and ethers or the silicon resins herein described. They may be used alone or in admixture with other plasticizers known to those familiar with the art. They may be used as ingredients in'` extreme pressure lubricants and are also applicable as paint media or as ingredients in waxes and polishes. The resinous products derived from tert-alkoxy chloro silicanes are useful as waterproof coatings for wood, metal, paper, etc., either alone or modified with plasticizers or other plastics. They are also useful as ingredients in adhesives, paints and lacquers.

Di-tertiary-butoxy diacetoxy silicane and analogous compounds may be made in generally the same manner as is indicated in connection with the orthosilicates except that the appropriate ox'- ganic acid is employed along with the tertiaryalkoxy chloro silicane and pyridine. As an alternative method, these products may be'prepared by the reaction of an alkoxy lchloro silicane with a salt of the organic acid, e. g. sodium acetate.

Other somewhat analogous compounds, which may be termed as amino or substituted amino silicanes, include such materials as di-tertiarybutoxy diamino silicane and di-tertiary-butoxy dianilino silicane, both of which are shown in the accompanying drawing. The former may be made by adding anhydrous ammonia to ditertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane employing an organic solvent such as benzene as a diluent. The ammonia removes and replaces the chlorine atoms in the di-tertiary-butoxy dichloro silicane molecule.

The procedure for making and the type of reaction involved in making di-tertiary-butoxy dianilino silicane is analogous to that orthe product just discussed, except that aniline is employed vas the reactant with di-tertiarybutoxy dichloro silicane. It will be understood that by using the same tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicane and other amines or ammonia derivatives, various other derivative products are made' in accordance with our invention. It will also be understood that by using specifically different tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes and by using'the same or different amines, ammonia or ammonia derivatives, further derivative products may be produced and are likewise comprehended.

Another illustration of the use of tertiaryalkoxy chloro silicanes in the production of useful derivative products and procedure for producing' the same is illustrated by the following:`

- Process for rthe manufacture of silicon aZlcyd-type resins To a solution of 9 parts of pyridine in 20 parts of linseed monoglyceride was added l5 parts of di-tert-amoxy dichloro silicane over a period of 20 minutes. The temperature rose to 54 C. during the reaction. parts of benzene was added 'and the mixture refluxed 2 hours after which it dication of exuding, but water caused it'to blush. However, upon drying it regained its transparency- A similar, but somewhatl softer lm was pre- Pared' by using an equal amount of di-tertbutoxy dichloro silicane in place of the tertiaryamyl compound in the above reaction. It was also found that the hardness of the resulting film could be appreciably increased by substituting tert-butoxy trichlorosilicane for one-third of the di-tert-butoxy dichloro silicane.

It is evident that many changes can be made on the process as given in the above example such as quantities of reactants, time and temperaturefof reaction etc., without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The above products resemble the familiar linseed modified polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid alkyds and can be substituted in many instances where the latter are used.

l Another illustrative use of the tertiary-alkoxy chloro silicanes is exemplified by its ruse in treating cotton fabrics to give them new and improved characteristics, including particularly water repellency. There follows a description of such procedure:

Treatment of cloth with tertiary-alkoscy chloro silicanes Cotton muslin cloth was immersed in a solution of 100 parts of di-tertiary-amoxy dichloro silicane in 800 parts of pyridine for a period of 2() minutes to 1 hour at a temperature preferably of the Order of 80-100" C., with suitable agitation. The cloth was then washed thoroughly to remove the pyridine and unreacted ditertiary-amoxy dichloro silicane. The di-tertiary-amoxy dichloro silicane apparently formed a chemical product with the cellulose which constitutes the essential material of the cloth, by reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule, and apparently producing compounds which may be regarded as orthosilicates Or anal ogous thereto.

In addition to the above preferred procedure, similar cloth was treated for different lengths of time at 80 C. and the comparative results of these different time conditions of treatment are. shown in the table hereinafter. Included also is the per cent ash of samples of the fabric.

The water repellency of the treated fabric in each case was evaluated by the immersion test described by Slowinske, Amer. Dyestul Reporter 30, 6 (1941). This involved the immersion of a 3 by 3 weighed, air dried sample in water at 80 F. for 2-0 minutes. The sample was then placed between blotters, run through a wringer once and weighed. The increase in weight, representing the water absorption, is given in per cent in the following table. The values are the average of two determination.

TABLE SHOWING COMPARATIVE RESULTS ON CLOTH TREATMENT [Time of treatment in minutes at 80 0.]

Hereinabove-we have described and illustratedV alkoxy` chloro silicanes having important novell,y

and useful characteristics. Various other compounds of the same general type, even if notI specifically mentioned herein, are likewise oomprehended by this disclosure. In describing derivative products and articles which can be madeV from the novel alkOXy chloro silicanes herein referred to, it will be evident that we have also been obliged to resort to specic illustrations which, of necessity, must be restricted in num-- ber. However it will also be clear in this respect that various other derivative products and ar` ticles will readily occur tO those skilled in the art' in the light of the illustrations and the disc1o V sure given herein. In short it will be understood that the various illustrations given herein are exemplary only of the broader and more compre-y hensive phases of Athis invention and are not t0 be regarded as limitative. -All embodiments within the scope of this disclosure and/or of the appended claim, which distinguish over the prior art, are contemplated. Y

What we claim is:

.Di-tertiary amoxy dichloro silicane.

GEORGE WESLEY PEDLOW, Jn. CARL SHELLEY MINER, JR.

. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES' Uchida: Chemical Abstracts, vol.V 27, page 3464 (1933).

Kalinin: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 35, page 2470 (1941).

Volnov: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 34, page 5048 (1940). -Y

Beilstein: 4Handbuch der Org. Chem., vol. I, 4th ed., pages 3134-335, y Kalinin: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 32, page 6227 (1938). f-

Backer: Recl Trav. Chim. des Pays Bas, vol. 6 1, `pages 500-512 (published June 1942).

Hackh; Chemical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1944), page 33, Blakerton Co., publishers.

Karrer: Organic Chemistry, 3rd Eng. ed. (1947) page 23, Elsevier, publishers.

Chemical Abstracts, 1945, pages 5882, 5877.

Merriam-Websters International Dictionary, Unabridged, 2nd edition, (1939), page 67. 

